The Rise Of Classical Economics - 1713 Words

David Ricardo During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, mercantilism was at the forefront of economic thought. This economic theory advocated a surplus of exports to increase the amount of money held by a nation. Mercantilism also called for a large poor population, strict government regulations and high tariffs on imported goods. These type of policies fueled anti-trade results and international conflicts, catapulting thinkers like Adam Smith, Thomas Malthus and David Ricardo onto the economic scene. These new, progressive and radical economists turned Europe s traditional mercantilist views upside down. Not only did these men recreate economics in their time, these thinkers eternally changed the progression of economic thought far into the future. A new era was created which shaped the path of American and European countries alike towards a more progressive, trade-focused future. Classical economics was developed during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries by a primary group of progressive economic thinkers including Adam Smith, Thomas Malthus, John Mill and David Ricardo, among others. This period of economic thinking focused mainly on economic growth through trade. Adam Smith, the noted Scottish economist famous for his invisible hand theory, is widely accepted as the father of classical economists with his work The Wealth of Nations written in 1776. This book emphasized the importance of trade instead of the previously highlighted goldShow MoreRelatedClassical Liberalism : Through The Ages1210 Words   |  5 PagesIsaac Oraweme POL 2400 Fall 2015 Northeastern University Prof. Florencia Gabriele 11/21/2015 Classical Liberalism – Through The Ages In order to evaluate both concepts of liberalism, we should take in to consideration their historical contexts. Because every political philosophy is the product of a certain time and circumstance and therefore has its limitation(s). Classical Liberalism, which is also known as traditional liberalism, laissez-faire liberalism, or simply liberalism all over the worldRead MoreThe Treasury Department s Actions806 Words   |  4 Pagesrecession close to $12.8 trillion (Puzzanghera, 2012). This number is criticized since it includes losses in economic output, GDP, and bail-outs, while home equity losses and consumer net wealth are not. This figure does give a good idea of the magnitude of the Treasury Department’s actions. A multitude of industries, and companies received direct financial aid. The government identified key economic areas where policies were needed, and provided credit and liquidity for growth in those areas. The quickRead MoreEssay about Monetarist and New Classical theories1452 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Explain the evolution of the Monetarist and New Classical theories. The monetarist analysis of the economy places a great deal of stress on the velocity of money, which is defined as the number of times a dollar bill change hands, on average, during the course of a year. The velocity of money is the rates of nominal GDP to the stock of money, or V=GDP/M= (P x Y) (M. Alternately, M x V=P x Y). The New Classical model, firms are assumed to be perfectly aggressive â€Å"price takers†, with no controlRead MoreThe Theory Of The Classical School1694 Words   |  7 Pages The classical school is one of the economic thoughts; the key assumption of this school is that the market system is the most efficient system in the sense that the unencumbered market mechanism ensures the optimal allocation and utilisation of scarce resources. They also believed that â€Å"Supply creates its own demand.† (The early debate on policy atavism) In other words, in the process of producing output, businesses would also create enough income to ensure that all of the output will be sold.Read MoreEssay on Strength and Weaknesses of Classical Realism1037 Words   |  5 PagesClassical Realism, with its implication that humans are intrinsically evil, is often characterized as a pessimistic analysis of human nature. While this characterization is undeniably true, Classical Realism should not be reduced to merely a cynical view of politics. Philosophically, Classical Realism is the epitome of the modern philosophical departure from ancient Greek philosophy, especially u nder Aristotle who contends that human nature is a â€Å"tabula rasa.† As our worldview changes, so do ourRead MoreRecovering The American Dream1085 Words   |  5 Pagesfor years following has struggled to recover. The worst may finally be over if key factors are a good indication, rates of unemployment within the U.S. have fallen consecutively in several recent months. Supply and demand is driven by four distinct economic factors (consumer income, expectations, interest rates, and unemployment rates), these will be detailed and expanded upon below. Unemployment Rates of unemployment are determined by calculating the percentile of the employable aged population withinRead MoreThe Cost Of Real Money1690 Words   |  7 PagesHowever, with the LM curve moving to bring the economy to full employment, it seems impossible, in this case, to have sustained price rises (i.e. inflation) as the monetary side seems to close off the story entirely. One could subsequently argue that, as real wages (w/p) declined in the process, then workers would try to bid their money wages back up and thus regenerate the gap. However, recall that from the four-quadrant IS-LM diagram (our earlier Figure 4), when IS-LM centers on the full employmentRead MoreIntroduction. The Rising Unemployment Has Generated Challenges1381 Words   |  6 Pagesimpacts on the communities and economic growth of the country. The prevalence of high unemployment rates in low income communities in the U.S contributes to increased poverty rates, leads to development of social unrest and confli cts, and hinders effective flow of liquidity thus limiting labor mobility (Phelps Zoega, 2002). This paper seeks to study on the effects of the rising unemployment in low income communities using the theories of economics. Theories of Economics Explaining the Effects of RisingRead MoreFiscal Policy And Its Effects On Economic Growth1260 Words   |  6 Pagesand reduce taxes. This will increase the aggregate demand in the economy and lead to a multiplied rise in national income. This is known as an expansionary fiscal policy. Contrary, a deflationary (contractionary) fiscal policy will involve diminishing government expenditure and/or raising taxes. Fiscal policy can reduce unemployment by helping to increase aggregate demand and the rate of economic growth. The government, therefore, will peruse an expansionary fiscal policy. Lower taxes increaseRead MoreClassical Economics And Keynesian Economics1124 Words   |  5 PagesMy research of Classical Economics and Keynesian Economics has given me the opportunity to form an opinion on this greatly debated topic in economics. After researching this topic in great lengths, I have determined the Keynesian Economics far exceeds greatness for America compared to that of Classical Economics. I will begin my paper by first addressing my understanding of both economic theories, I will then compare and contrast both theories, and end my paper with my opinions on why I believe Keynesian

International Relations State Profile And Bilateral...

Samantha Tsu POSC 230 – International Relations December 11, 2014 For the extra credit assignment that will be applied to the final, the topic I chose to write about was opinion number four which is: State Profile and Bilateral Relations. Expanding from the second project presentation, the â€Å"state† I chose to give my presentation on was Palestine. Palestine is located in the Middle East in the country of Asia and their territory is considered to be only the West Bank and Gaza Strip. The capital of Palestine is Jerusalem, and the type of people who predominately reside in occupied Palestinian land are those of the Arab descent. According to research, there are approximately 11,000,000 people all over the world, who consider themselves to be Palestinian, which is constituted as 49% of all the people in the world. But, only 16.5% of Palestinians live in Palestinian occupied land. Research also shows that majority of the Palestinians are Muslims, but they are citizens of Israel and many of the Palestinians are widely known to be Christians or Jewish as well. The official language of Palestine is ancient language of Arabic, which in my opinion is a cool language because you don’t read that language from left to right like many other languages, with Arabic, you read it from right to left. Although, all countries rely on other countries for economic support through trade, Palestinian territory is especially dependent on trades with other countries. Most of Palestine’s revenueShow MoreRelatedFuture of Saarc1507 Words   |  7 Pagesnot get along side by side any more. The other States which became independent were Sri Lanka (1948), the Maldives (1996) and Bangladesh 1971, whose story of creation is somewhat different. Nepal and Bhutan are other two small sovereign States who matter much in the South Asian affairs. All these States have relations with each other, good or bad, but they have been able to erect a common platform in the name of SAARC to promote bilateral relations and eradicate some of the common problems beingRead MoreTrade Patterns Of China And India1355 Words   |  6 Pagestwo countries has mushroomed nearly twice as compared to each country’s trade with the world. Currently, China is India’s largest trade partner surpassing United States and India being China’s tenth largest exporter. These two giants have a great impact on the world economy both in good as well as bad times. This Bilateral trade relation between the two countries is to going play a major role in world economy by 2020 (Chinabusinessreview.com, 2016). The first aim of this essay is to characterize theRead More Australia And Asia Essay2444 Words   |  10 Pagesanalyses the Australian-China bilateral relationship since 1945 and in particular its political significance to Australia. Many global factors have influenced this relationship, including the advent of the Cold War, the Korean War, the Vietnam War and the collapse of the Soviet bloc European nations. In addition, internal political changes in Australia and China have both affected and been affected by the global changes. It will be analysed that Australia’s bilateral relationship with China has alwaysRead MoreDeveloping Economic Initiatives During The United States880 Words   |  4 Pagesthe United States –Saudi Arabia relations were eliminated after the end of the cold war. The interests to prevent conflict through threats to the political status of the Persian Gulf region were strengthened. During this period, the conflicts between the U.S and Saudi persis ted due to perceptions about the Arab-Israeli conflicts. Political activists in the Kingdom created domestic debates over the policies that were proscribed by their government in the 1950s and 1960s. The bilateral relationshipsRead MoreEssay on Trade Agreements between Canada and Belgium1823 Words   |  8 PagesTrade Agreements between Canada and Belgium Economic and Trade Relations Belgium is Canada’s 12th export destination with $873 million and is also the 19th country regarding imports with $776 million. Canadian exports to Belgium amounted to $2.3 billion in. The major entry point in trading goods between Canada and Europe is the Port of Antwerp. In 2013, Canada and the European Union (EU) reached a trade agreement. Prime Minister Stephen Harper announced that the trade agreement will boostRead MoreTrade Patterns Of China And India2350 Words   |  10 Pagestwo countries has mushroomed nearly twice as compared to each country’s trade with the world. Currently, China is India’s largest trade partner surpassing United States and India being China’s tenth largest exporter. These two giants have a great impact on the world economy both in good as well as bad times. This Bilateral trade relation between the two countries is to going play a major role in world economy by 2020.(Gupta and Wang, 2009) The first aim of this essay is to characterize the trade patternRead MoreEssay on Haiti: Lending Institutions, Health Care, and Human Capital1545 Words   |  7 Pagesand Human Capital SOC 300 5 March 2015 Haiti: Lending Institutions, Health Care, and Human Capital Due to capital limitations, most governments, particularly in the developing nations borrow funds from their bilateral friends and organizations such as World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF) in earnest to enable them pursue development projects, and sometimes to correct balance-of-payment deficits. Nevertheless, such governments must adhere to some outlined conditions that are speltRead MoreSoc 200 Essay664 Words   |  3 Pagesrespectively, have on the distribution of foreign aid in the developing country Sierra Leone. Next I will analyze the specific actions that the leadership of the selected Sierra Leone has taken, through the use of its foreign aid from donor nations and international lending institutions, to relieve the severe problems caused by warfare. Lastly I will discuss whether or not the extension of foreign aid has successfully reduced poverty and the incidence of warfare in Sierra Leone. The country that I decidedRead MoreThe Importance Of The United States And Qatar Relations1250 Words   |  5 PagesUnited States and Qatar Relations â€Å"The Pentagon on Tuesday renewed praise of Qatar for hosting a vital U.S. air base and for its enduring commitment to regional security, sticking to a message of reassurance even as President Donald Trump, via Twitter, applauded a decision by Arab powers to cut ties to the Gulf ally.† Pike, J., Mr. (Ed.). (2017, June 06). The United States and Qatar Relations have been on an up rise for the last couple years. Being that Qatar is listed as one of the wealthiestRead MoreChina Pakistan Economic Corridor : A Spatial Analysis On The Security Risk Of Cpec1534 Words   |  7 PagesEconomic, Inner Mongolia University, HoHHoT, China, International Building #D Room#109,Student.Pak@yahoo.com Abstract: The relationship of Pakistan and China is based on the Geo-economics and geostrategic calculations. An important aspect in intensification the relation would be how both countries perceive each other. The China Pakistan economic corridor is going to become a regional hub, serving commercial traffic and Central Asian states, Iran, the Persian Gulf, the Middle East, Xinjiang,

Singapore Healthcare System Long-Term Care Policy

Question: Describe about the Report for Singapore Healthcare System of Long-Term Care Policy. Answer: Introduction Singapore health care system is extraordinary both regarding high quality and in cost control. The expenditure of health care is lowest regarding per capita and percentage of Gross Domestic product when compared to other highly developed countries. The government of Singapore plays an integral part to improve the health facilities. Singapore follows a philosophy that "avoidance is better than treatment." Therefore, it ensures the affordability of health services within the public health system through schemes such as Medisave and Medishield. These are the system of compulsory savings, price control, and subsidies. There are several nursing homes and public hospitals that work on grants through the charity organization. The growing cost is, however, the major concern in present health care system of Singapore. It is due to inflation and increases in the cost of medical devices and products. The report will discuss about the key indicators of health services in Singapore. Further, it will discuss about the quality improvement of these health services along with its accessibility and enhancing affordability. The report will detail the primary health services available in Singapore and explain the health coverage system through its financing twin philosophies. Lastly, it will analyze its funding system. A thorough literature review will be performed to support the discussion. Key Indicators of Health Services In 2002, the OECD has initiated Health Care Quality Indicators project, with the aim to compare the health service quality in different countries. Based on the set of quality indicators one can identify the factors influencing the quality of health services (Pheng Rui, 2016). Rotar et al., (2016) believes that these efforts will stimulate the policy makers and stakeholders cross-national learning. The crude birth and death rate in every 1000 population is 9.9 and 4.4 respectively. The total fertility rate/ female was found to be 1.3 and the under five mortality rate is 3. The primary cause of deaths includes cancer, pneumonia, cerebrovascular diseases and other chronic illness illustrated in the figure below. The total number of cancer patient discharged in the year 2009 and 2010 was 442 and 456 respectively. In the year 2011, the figure was 457 with negligible change (Rotar et al., 2016). (Source: www.oecd.org) (Source: www.liberatehealthcare.com) Accessibility, Raising Quality, and Enhancing Affordability The government balances the individual responsibility and government control with the help of state control (Liu Haseltine, 2016). The health care system of Singapore- Balances transparency Shares data with the market forces balances equity, expenditure, and choice with affordability Singapores expectation from its health outcomes is evident from its "white paper Affordable Healthcare" released by the government of Singapore in 1993. This manifesto clearly embodies its vision, guiding philosophy, and a national health policy (Lim, 2016). Chin et al., (2016) reports that the rising quality of health care services is due to continued effort from Ministry of Health. It has implemented stringent legislations and enforced policies. It regulates the licensing of health centers under Medical Clinics Act. It conducts inspections and audits on a regularly basis. The Ministry of Health engages several professional bodies in regulating the professional through code of ethics and practice guidelines. It compares the performance of physicians and institutions annually through a management process. For this purpose, it utilizes The National Health System Scorecard. This Performance measurement, informs about areas of services that needs improvement. According to Goh et al., (2 016), the Health Sciences Authority monitors the process of manufacturing, import, export, advertisement of health related products such as medicines, medical devices, and cosmetic products. It ensures that it meets the quality and safety standards. Accessibility of services has improved by reaching every community with high and low income earning populations through various categories of health services at all levels. For example, the Community Health Assist Scheme subsidizes the services such for colorectal cancer, diabetes, cervical cancer and various dental procedures. The number of hospitals and polyclinics has increased significantly since last decade (Haseltine, 2013). Singapore has enhanced the patients affordability and accessibility of health services through its mix financing system, which offers multiple tiers of protection (Nizar Chagani, 2016). Singapore has introduced a system of co-payment where people do not pay the total charge (Wouters et al., 2016). Government pays a part of the total expenditure while patients through Medisave, Medifund and Medishield system pay a fraction of it. These are discussed in detail in the later section of this report. There are 30 private and public hospitals having 1100 beds. In 2011, Public hospitals were reported with four million outpatient visits of which two-third were subsidized (Pheng Rui, 2016). List of the Primary healthcare services: Polyclinics and Private medical clinics Singapore has 1200 private clinics, which offers primary care for the citizens. Singapore subsidizes the primary health care costs in polyclinics such as GP visits and dentist visits for low income earning Singaporeans (Liu Haseltine, 2016). There are 18 public polyclinics with multi-doctor facility and provides subsidized pharmacy services, health screening, outpatient care and immunization. In 2012, Singapore has introduced The Community Health Assist Scheme which subsidizes low income earning Singaporeans to visit private clinics participating in the scheme to treat specific chronic illnesses and acute conditions (Chin et al., 2016). According to Pheng Rui, (2016), Singapore provides outpatient specialist care in several medical specialists such as oral cancer, neurological disorders, cancer, skin and cardiovascular diseases. The National Heart Centre is popular for these services. Patients avail these services through various government subsidies. Singapore provides after hours care. It has 30 clinics that offer 24 hours emergency care and its details are published online. People can access ambulances via emergency hotline as well as house call medical services that are available 24 hours (Penkunas et al., 2016). Therefore, the services are only short ride away. Figure: Structure of Singapore health system (Source: Singapore Ministry of Health website) Rotar et al., (2016), reported that there are regional hospitals in Singapore, which offers outpatient specialist services and acute inpatient care. They are equipped with emergency departments. There are 30 private and public hospitals having 1100 beds. In 2011, Public hospitals were reported with four million outpatient visits of which two-third were subsidized (Pheng Rui, 2016). Singapore provides integrated mental health services through its National Mental Health Blueprint (Jesus et al., 2016). It has increased the accessibility of mental health services due to it rising demand. Since the last decade, there is increase in community-based services to treat mental illness such as dementia, eating disorders, addictions and others. The Institute of Mental Health provides acute tertiary care to the patients. It provides forensic services, rehabilitative care, counseling services for patients of all ages. The welfare organizations that provides residential care for patient include Singapore Association for Mental Health Singapore Anglican Community Services (Lim et al., 2016) Singapore serves the needs of elder population by social support and long-term care through private operators and voluntary welfare centers. The government subsidizes these services for example Eldershield. It provides hospice care as well as home-based care (Rotar et al., 2016). Financing twin philosophies: Individual Responsibility and Affordable Healthcare Singapore provides all its citizens with health care coverage based on its financing twin philosophies that are individual responsibility and affordable health care (Haseltine, 2013). The country has improved the health care delivery system for its population, which enabled them to secure good health outcomes. It made it possible through Adopting latest technology Mixed financing system Market-based mechanism to promote competition (Malhotra et al., 2016) Various international assessments have recognized these features. The country makes sure that all the citizens can access the primary health care. Singapore addresses the affordability issues through its mix financing system, which offers multiple tiers of protection (Nizar Chagani, 2016). The government balances individual responsibility and government control with the help of - Government subsidies for primary health care Individual savings accounts hospital services and pharmaceuticals Singapore has introduced a system of co-payment where people do not pay the total charge (Wouters et al., 2016). A part of the total expenditure is paid by government while a fraction of it is paid by patients through Medisave and Medishield system. Medisave is the health insurance plan, which allows the people to make substantial savings by accumulating funds (Liu Haseltine, 2016). The citizens pay the fraction of health expenditure through Medisave. Singapore also has low cost insurance scheme called Medishield, for citizens who have low income and cannot meet the medical expenses. Receiving primary health care services in subsidized wards is useful. It secures the retirement of older workers as it offers increased rate of 1% for the first $60,000 of the total savings (Lim, 2016). Medifund is the service provided to those people who are unable to meet their assessed contribution. Eldershield is a policy which provides the citizens with insurance against expenses of private nursing homes. Additionally, Singapore has a system of Central Provident Fund (CPF). It is applicable for permanent residents and working citizens. This savings plan scheme is beneficial in accumulating the significant amount of fund through employers and employees. The members earn the higher rate of returns from their savings (Wouters et al., 2016). With the help of CPF, the country collects the pool of taxation revenue. Singapore also provides privately financed health care services. The World Health Organization reports highlights that out of the total private expenditure on care, 10.1% was obtained from private prepaid plans (Wouters et al., 2016). High profit earning companies can avail this private insurance through integrated shield plans, which are Medisave-approved. People can receive additional benefits such as private and public hospitalizations and opt for Class A and B1 wards. According to Chin et al., (2016), Ministry of Health (MOH) promotes competition and transparency by monitoring any variation in hospital costs in the country. It publishes hospital bill sizes and helps the hospitals to do more with less. Some of the improvements are decreased in LASIK prices by $1000/eye. MOH further encourages improvement by publishing health outcomes on its websites. This allows people to make informed choices. Figure: Health coverage system in Singapore (Source: www.moh.gov.sg) Analysis of the funding systems in Singapore Healthcare organization According to Tan et al., (2010), the expenditure of health care in Singapore is lowest regarding per capita and percentage of Gross Domestic product (stable at 3%). The total expenditure of the government on the public health system constitutes 1.6% of annual GDP (Tan et al., 2010). However, the quality of care is not compromised and manages both the supply and demand sides of the market. Recently there is an added pressure on the health care system due to: lowering of infant mortality rate ageing Increasing life expectancy These factors are responsible for increasing a cost of health services. To deal with it the government of Singapore is implementing case-mix (Liu Haseltine, 2016). According to Wouters et al., (2016), case-mix can fund public hospitals for providing inpatient acute care. Case-mix implementation is based on hospital output. It ensures equity in financing healthcare. It enables data usage for quality improvement activities. Hospitals can receive information regarding their cost behavior. Hence, it will reinforce their drive for implementing cost-efficient health services (Liu Haseltine, 2016). The case-mix information would help in rationalizing public hospitals fund. The funding will be proportional to resource use since there is a better definition of output. According to Rotar et al., (2016), MOH has announced that case-mix would only be used to fund acute inpatient and day surgery activity. (Source : Rotar et al., 2016) Conclusion Singapore health stem is improving in terms of quality and affordability due to continued effort by the government. The country regulates both private and public health insurances. The Ministry of Health assesses the health care needs to plan and deliver them through range of hospitals and clinics. It finances policies, maintains adequate staffing and governs the public health system. This fast-paced world is increasing the pressure due to growing problems such stress related to family maintenance. The Singapores twin philosophies which anchor the financing system offers health coverage to all it citizens. Recently, there is an increase in a number of people falling sick without doctors being able to identify the reason. It is recommended that Singapore must develop strategies to determine the cause of non-health problems. It will help in reducing its extra expenditure and assist its growing population. References Chin, C. W. W., Phua, K. H. (2016). Long-Term Care Policy: Singapores Experience.Journal of aging social policy,28(2), 113-129. Goh, M. L., Ang, E. N., Chan, Y. H., He, H. G., Vehvilinen-Julkunen, K. (2016). A descriptive quantitative study on multi-ethnic patient satisfaction with nursing care measured by the Revised Humane Caring Scale.Applied Nursing Research,31, 126-131. Haseltine, W. A. (2013).Affordable excellence: the Singapore healthcare story. Brookings Institution Press. Jesus, T. S., Koh, G., Landry, M., Ong, P. H., Lopes, A. M., Green, P. L., Hoenig, H. (2016). Finding the Right Size Physical Therapy Workforce: An International Perspective Across Four Countries.Physical therapy. Lim, H. A., Tan, J. Y., Chua, J., Yoong, R. K., Lim, S. E., Kua, E. H., Mahendran, R. (2016). Quality of life of family caregivers of cancer patients in Singapore and globally.Singapore medical journal. Lim, J. (2016). Positivity and Overcoming Under Happiness in Singapore Healthcare. InEnabling Positive Attitudes and Experiences in Singapore(pp. 83-88). Liu, C., Haseltine, W. (2016). The Singaporean Health Care System, 2015.2015 International Profiles of Health Care Systems, 143. Low, L. L., MMed, F. C. F. P., Tay, W. Y., Ng, M. J. M. (2016). Frequent hospital admissions in Singapore: clinical risk factors and impact of socioeconomic status.Singapore medical journal. Low, L. L., Wah, W., Ng, M. J., Tan, S. Y., Liu, N., Lee, K. H. (2016). Housing as a social determinant of health in Singapore and its association with readmission risk and increased utilization of hospital services.Frontiers in Public Health,4, 109. Malhotra, C., Wong, G. C. S., Tan, B. C., Ng, C. S. H., Lee, N. C., Lau, C. S. L., ... Finkelstein, E. A. (2016). Living with heart failure: Perspectives of patients from Singapore.Proceedings of Singapore Healthcare,25(2), 92-97. Nizar, H., Chagani, P. (2016). Analysis of Health Care Delivery System in Pakistan and Singapore.International Journal of Nursing,8(2). Penkunas, M. J., Chan, A. W., Wong, C. H., de Korne, D. F., Tan, S. M., Wong, S. F. (2016). The Role of a Multicomponent Home-Health Intervention in Reducing Caregiver Stress in Singapore: A Qualitative Study.The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, gbw008. Pheng, L. S., Rui, Z. (2016). Facilities Management and Singapores Healthcare System. InService Quality for Facilities Management in Hospitals(pp. 9-23). Springer Singapore. Rotar, A. M., van den Berg, M. J., Kringos, D. S., Klazinga, N. S. (2016). Reporting and use of the OECD Health Care Quality Indicators at national and regional level in 15 countries.International Journal for Quality in Health Care, mzw027. Tan, W. S., Chong, W. F., Chua, K. S., Heng, B. H., Chan, K. F. (2010). Factors associated with delayed discharges after inpatient stroke rehabilitation in Singapore.Annals Academy of Medicine Singapore,39(6), 435. Wouters, O. J., Cylus, J., Yang, W., Thomson, S., McKee, M. (2016). Medical savings accounts: assessing their impact on efficiency, equity and financial protection in health care.Health Economics, Policy and Law,11(03), 321-335.

The Emergence Of Nationalism By The End Of The Middle Ages In The14th

The Emergence of Nationalism By the end of the Middle Ages in the14th century, a new belief of nationalism appeared in Europe. Simultaneously, the feudal system was crumbling. The Hundred Year War helped develop nationalism, because the commoner had become more of a necessity in battle, thus making the nobility a less significant force. The peasants revolts, due to many economic and social problems of the day, weakened the feudal system by giving more power to the commoners, which in turn reduced the gap between the rich and the poor. Also, the commoners loosing faith in the church, because of the coruption in it made them turn from from the church, and towards their new found nation. The hundred year was a major cause that led the nationalistic movement. While fighting the war soldiers, who many were commoners, started to become more and more important. The commoners were used as footsoliders and were a very effectice force when tought how to use the new weaponary that came about du ring this time. The long bow was a deadly which the pesants used, it would destroy the enemines knights, by killing their horses beneath them. Also during the war the peasant became very loyal to thier King, and they began to think that they were one as a whole. With the idea as they are a whole, they developed the idea of they were a nation. This is personified by the letter that Joan of Arc, a French commoner wrote to the king of England and other nobility. In this letter she mentions that she wants the English out of her nation of France, and that she is willing use force to get them out. This was a commoner talking to the King of England as if they were equals. The idea of nationalism implied in the letter and basically says that, we French are sick of the English in France and we want you out and are willing to go to war to drive you out. War also cost the king a lot of money. So the king had to go to the pesants to get funds for the war. When he needed more money to fight t he wars he taxed the lower class. As the wars went on the peasants were taxed more and more, which eventually led to the peasants revolting. The feudal system, which was what everything in Europe was based on, started to collapse when the peasants started to revolt. There were many factors which caused the peasants to revolt. One major factor was taxation. In England alone, the peasants had to pay four new taxes in a five year span. As the nobility and the king got richer, the poor got poorer. The lower classes were over worked and paid meager wages. The peasants decided that they wouldn't take it any longer. The peasants began to attack the tax collectors, who happened to be nobility. They blamed this problem on the nobility, and all this time they still loved their king. They thought that he had nothing to do with it. With the revolts the peasants gradually received more power and respect from the nobility and the king, and they were also beginning to be feared because they we re the majority of the population. The revolts led to the enpowerment of the common man. With this new found power and respect the gap between the rich and the poor became less. And the feudal system began to crumble even more. With the collapse of the feudal system, the people turned to idea of nationalism more and more. With the people turning to nationalism, they turned away from the church. The church had once been the most powerful aspect in all of Europe. The church had control of everything. The people loved the church because it was their direct connection with God, and it was one of the lower classes only form of entertianment. Once problems in the church began to arise, the people backed away from the church, with no one to turn to. So they ended up turning to their king. There were many contributing factors to why the people turned away from the church. One